Willa Cather a Lost Lady Essay Example

Willa Cather a Lost Lady Paper In Willa Cathers A Lost Lady, we are confronted with many examples of love and personal growth, two themes that Cather seamlessly intertwines by utilizing her technique of elucidation of complex emotion through use of nature and landscape throughout the novel. In this essay, I argue that Cather defines love and personal growth of Marian Forrester through three distinct scenes: the drunken long distance call between Mrs. Forrester and Ellinger after she learns of his elopement, the story of how Mr. nd Mrs. Forrester met and fell in love (told at the boys dinner party after the death of Captain Forrester), and the scene where Neil discovers that Mrs. Forrester found a happily ever after, after all. I chose these specific scenes because they explicate Mrs. Forresters romantic ideals of love and her personal growth as she struggles in vain to find the life shes looking for, that is, a life of both wealth and true love. Though some may view Marian Forresters long-standing affair with the masculine Frank Ellinger as a fatal character flaw, I contend that its existence and its abrupt demise via long distance telephone call illustrate a vital stepping stone along her journey of personal growth, and give us an important piece of the puzzle that is her evolving ideal of love. As soon as Marian Forrester storms into Neils house in the middle of the night, we learn that she has braved the rain, mud, and (especially), the ford crossing that was â€Å"up to a horses belly† with flood water (Cather 123). We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In her drunken state, nothing will distract her from her present mission, which is, to give Frank Ellinger the telling off hell never forget for betraying her trust. Presumably, she had meant to marry Ellinger herself, after the death of Captain Forrester, but Ellinger had been forced to choose otherwise when a mysterious feminine illness – that is, pregnancy – happened to befall the very lady whom Mrs. Forrester had been the source of introduction. We learn of this only through Mrs. Forresters end of the conversation, where she remarks, â€Å"Where shall you go on your honeymoon? Oh, Im very sorry! So soon you must take good care of her† (Cather 127). Of course, Ellinger may also be referring to an illness, as some excuse not to come see Mrs. Forrester. Either way, it becomes clear that Ellinger is forgetting the promises he made to Mrs. Forrester, and making his final attempts to be rid of her forever. It is the beginning of night at this part of the story, and ne may also conclude that this is the beginning of a sort of â€Å"night† in Marian Forresters life as well. It is following this point that Mrs. Forrester begins to sink into a deep depression, and allows herself to fall from the high esteem in which everyone in the community has held her. But there is also a glimpse into the personal growth that will occur from that point on, for this was not the first time that Marian Forresters ideal of love had gone terribly awry. Following the death of Captain Forrester, Marian slowly gains back a bit of her determination; indeed, she is determined to no longer let love stand in the way of the life she seeks – that is, a life of wealth and consequence. Twice before, her ideals of love had not turned out the way shed hoped. After her husbands death, we finally catch a glimpse into how it came to be that Mrs. Forrester was married to a man so much older than she. After being taken to the mountains to avoid publicity over her fiances murder, she fell almost to her death during a hiking trip. All night in the bitter cold, she laid there. But then, Captain Forresters party came to her rescue. It did not escape her that â€Å"she suffered less when Captain Forrester carried her, and that he took on all the most dangerous places on the trail himself† (Cather 158). In his arms, she felt secure, saying to those listening that â€Å"I knew that if we fell, wed go together; he would never drop me . . . when he asked me to marry him, he didnt have to ask twice† (Cather 158-159). She thought that he would never drop her, never let her down in life. That is why she consented to marry him. At nineteen, she was not in a position to understand what she was getting herself into. But as we meet with her in the novel, we see that she is starved for something that she had likely never known shed have to leave behind when she said yes to Captain Forrester at the sprightly age of nineteen: companionship with those on the same social level. Captain Forrester did indeed let her down, by isolating her from her natural habitat of socialization, like an exotic tropical bird locked away in a cage in distant northern mountains. After telling her story, Marian â€Å"drew her finger-tips absently across her forehead, as if to brush away something, – the past, or the present, who could tell? † Marian was brushing away those foolish ideals of romance and the heroic triumph of true love. She was embracing her own power and independence, to effect change in her own life, without waiting for change to present itself. Marian was preparing herself to shed her former romantic self, to do what she had to do to get what she wanted, indeed, what she had been starved of so long through her own foolish pursuit of love. Indirectly, we discover the result of Marians struggle to redefine herself. â€Å"Oh yes,† we learn, â€Å"she was married again, – to a cranky old Englishman; Henry Collins was his name† (Cather 165). Marian has found once more her natural place in society, she is discovered at a banquet, in a big hotel, â€Å"all done up in furs, with a scarf over her head† (Cather 164). Her husband, we learn, cannot really truly love her, and nor can she truly love him. However, she has found at last the sort of life she was looking for, if only by shedding her true identity. She was a good deal made up, of course, like most of the women down there; plenty of powder, and a little red, too, I guess. Her hair was black, blacker than I remembered it; looked as if she dyed it† (Cather 165). Like most of the women of her age, and certainly, of her era, she had to cover up her true self in order to exert her power and independence in the pursuit of happiness. Indeed, he r remarkable comeback stuns Ed Elliot, who states that â€Å"It was remarkable, how shed come up again. She seemed pretty well gone to pieces before she left Sweet Water† (Cather 165). Of course, any one who truly paid attention to Mrs. Forrester throughout her journey could never have been truly surprised at her outcome. Mrs. Forrester, though sometimes allowing herself to be carried away with the strong emotions she faced, always maintained willful independence and control over the opinions others may have of her. She had faced her night, with the death of her husband (who she once, I believe, truly did love dearly), and with the marriage of Ellinger, whom she never loved truly, only believed she did. She makes peace with both, by forgetting the latter entirely, and by paying her respects to the former, â€Å"wherever she was, she always sent a cheque to the Grand Army Post every year to have flowers put on Captain Forresters grave for Decoration Day† (Cather 166). She understands the role they played in the development of her character, and especially, her own understanding of the extent of her resolve. While her new husband Collins seems deliberately misplaced, (an Englishman whom she met in America before moving to South America), Marian is quite at home. She has finally found her place in life, by conquering her foolish ideals of romanticism in exchange for something she loves still more – comfort and consequence. In the end, Marian makes peace that she is not destined to have both true love and a comfortable life of wealth, and is contented with the fact that she must choose. We follow her through three distinct life stages. At first, she is an idealistic young woman, who believes that she is attaining love and comfort in her choice of Captain Forrester. As her comforts slowly wear away to nothing, and her romance along with it, she discovers that she made the wrong choice in Captain Forrester. Her passionate mid-life encounter with Ellinger finalizes the blow that she received from Captain Forrester, and that is that love can be fickle and decietful, and cannot be trusted with something as important as the rest of ones life, sending her into a proverbial â€Å"night,† where she is clouded by darkness and feels miserable. At the end of her life, she learns to trust in something far more substantial – herself. She gives up her pursuit of love, and instead pursues only comfort in life. She finds what she is looking for, and with that, she is contented. Only with distant nostalgia does she look upon her life in Sweet Water, because she knows that it was a life as unsustainable as it was unsupportable. Just as Sweet Water is cleared away to make room for industrialization, Marian clears the ideals of romantic love from her existence. Though she learns to live practically, and to find happiness in her life without love, she never forgets the life she led before, and the love she knew. Through the encounter with Ed Elliot, where she states â€Å"if you ever meet Neil Herbert, give him my love, and tell him I often think of him,† and by her respect toward her husband, through the decoration of his grave, she reveals that she looks upon her life of love without regret (Cather 165). Through her personal growth, we find that Marians ideals of love must evolve over her life based on the circumstances with which she is faced, and we come to understand her as an individual with both the power to change her own circumstances and the ability to love deeply, whether or not she chooses to pursue that love. Willa Cather a Lost Lady Essay Example Willa Cather a Lost Lady Paper In Willa Cathers A Lost Lady, we are confronted with many examples of love and personal growth, two themes that Cather seamlessly intertwines by utilizing her technique of elucidation of complex emotion through use of nature and landscape throughout the novel. In this essay, I argue that Cather defines love and personal growth of Marian Forrester through three distinct scenes: the drunken long distance call between Mrs. Forrester and Ellinger after she learns of his elopement, the story of how Mr. nd Mrs. Forrester met and fell in love (told at the boys dinner party after the death of Captain Forrester), and the scene where Neil discovers that Mrs. Forrester found a happily ever after, after all. I chose these specific scenes because they explicate Mrs. Forresters romantic ideals of love and her personal growth as she struggles in vain to find the life shes looking for, that is, a life of both wealth and true love. Though some may view Marian Forresters long-standing affair with the masculine Frank Ellinger as a fatal character flaw, I contend that its existence and its abrupt demise via long distance telephone call illustrate a vital stepping stone along her journey of personal growth, and give us an important piece of the puzzle that is her evolving ideal of love. As soon as Marian Forrester storms into Neils house in the middle of the night, we learn that she has braved the rain, mud, and (especially), the ford crossing that was â€Å"up to a horses belly† with flood water (Cather 123). We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Willa Cather a Lost Lady specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In her drunken state, nothing will distract her from her present mission, which is, to give Frank Ellinger the telling off hell never forget for betraying her trust. Presumably, she had meant to marry Ellinger herself, after the death of Captain Forrester, but Ellinger had been forced to choose otherwise when a mysterious feminine illness – that is, pregnancy – happened to befall the very lady whom Mrs. Forrester had been the source of introduction. We learn of this only through Mrs. Forresters end of the conversation, where she remarks, â€Å"Where shall you go on your honeymoon? Oh, Im very sorry! So soon you must take good care of her† (Cather 127). Of course, Ellinger may also be referring to an illness, as some excuse not to come see Mrs. Forrester. Either way, it becomes clear that Ellinger is forgetting the promises he made to Mrs. Forrester, and making his final attempts to be rid of her forever. It is the beginning of night at this part of the story, and ne may also conclude that this is the beginning of a sort of â€Å"night† in Marian Forresters life as well. It is following this point that Mrs. Forrester begins to sink into a deep depression, and allows herself to fall from the high esteem in which everyone in the community has held her. But there is also a glimpse into the personal growth that will occur from that point on, for this was not the first time that Marian Forresters ideal of love had gone terribly awry. Following the death of Captain Forrester, Marian slowly gains back a bit of her determination; indeed, she is determined to no longer let love stand in the way of the life she seeks – that is, a life of wealth and consequence. Twice before, her ideals of love had not turned out the way shed hoped. After her husbands death, we finally catch a glimpse into how it came to be that Mrs. Forrester was married to a man so much older than she. After being taken to the mountains to avoid publicity over her fiances murder, she fell almost to her death during a hiking trip. All night in the bitter cold, she laid there. But then, Captain Forresters party came to her rescue. It did not escape her that â€Å"she suffered less when Captain Forrester carried her, and that he took on all the most dangerous places on the trail himself† (Cather 158). In his arms, she felt secure, saying to those listening that â€Å"I knew that if we fell, wed go together; he would never drop me . . . when he asked me to marry him, he didnt have to ask twice† (Cather 158-159). She thought that he would never drop her, never let her down in life. That is why she consented to marry him. At nineteen, she was not in a position to understand what she was getting herself into. But as we meet with her in the novel, we see that she is starved for something that she had likely never known shed have to leave behind when she said yes to Captain Forrester at the sprightly age of nineteen: companionship with those on the same social level. Captain Forrester did indeed let her down, by isolating her from her natural habitat of socialization, like an exotic tropical bird locked away in a cage in distant northern mountains. After telling her story, Marian â€Å"drew her finger-tips absently across her forehead, as if to brush away something, – the past, or the present, who could tell? † Marian was brushing away those foolish ideals of romance and the heroic triumph of true love. She was embracing her own power and independence, to effect change in her own life, without waiting for change to present itself. Marian was preparing herself to shed her former romantic self, to do what she had to do to get what she wanted, indeed, what she had been starved of so long through her own foolish pursuit of love. Indirectly, we discover the result of Marians struggle to redefine herself. â€Å"Oh yes,† we learn, â€Å"she was married again, – to a cranky old Englishman; Henry Collins was his name† (Cather 165). Marian has found once more her natural place in society, she is discovered at a banquet, in a big hotel, â€Å"all done up in furs, with a scarf over her head† (Cather 164). Her husband, we learn, cannot really truly love her, and nor can she truly love him. However, she has found at last the sort of life she was looking for, if only by shedding her true identity. She was a good deal made up, of course, like most of the women down there; plenty of powder, and a little red, too, I guess. Her hair was black, blacker than I remembered it; looked as if she dyed it† (Cather 165). Like most of the women of her age, and certainly, of her era, she had to cover up her true self in order to exert her power and independence in the pursuit of happiness. Indeed, he r remarkable comeback stuns Ed Elliot, who states that â€Å"It was remarkable, how shed come up again. She seemed pretty well gone to pieces before she left Sweet Water† (Cather 165). Of course, any one who truly paid attention to Mrs. Forrester throughout her journey could never have been truly surprised at her outcome. Mrs. Forrester, though sometimes allowing herself to be carried away with the strong emotions she faced, always maintained willful independence and control over the opinions others may have of her. She had faced her night, with the death of her husband (who she once, I believe, truly did love dearly), and with the marriage of Ellinger, whom she never loved truly, only believed she did. She makes peace with both, by forgetting the latter entirely, and by paying her respects to the former, â€Å"wherever she was, she always sent a cheque to the Grand Army Post every year to have flowers put on Captain Forresters grave for Decoration Day† (Cather 166). She understands the role they played in the development of her character, and especially, her own understanding of the extent of her resolve. While her new husband Collins seems deliberately misplaced, (an Englishman whom she met in America before moving to South America), Marian is quite at home. She has finally found her place in life, by conquering her foolish ideals of romanticism in exchange for something she loves still more – comfort and consequence. In the end, Marian makes peace that she is not destined to have both true love and a comfortable life of wealth, and is contented with the fact that she must choose. We follow her through three distinct life stages. At first, she is an idealistic young woman, who believes that she is attaining love and comfort in her choice of Captain Forrester. As her comforts slowly wear away to nothing, and her romance along with it, she discovers that she made the wrong choice in Captain Forrester. Her passionate mid-life encounter with Ellinger finalizes the blow that she received from Captain Forrester, and that is that love can be fickle and decietful, and cannot be trusted with something as important as the rest of ones life, sending her into a proverbial â€Å"night,† where she is clouded by darkness and feels miserable. At the end of her life, she learns to trust in something far more substantial – herself. She gives up her pursuit of love, and instead pursues only comfort in life. She finds what she is looking for, and with that, she is contented. Only with distant nostalgia does she look upon her life in Sweet Water, because she knows that it was a life as unsustainable as it was unsupportable. Just as Sweet Water is cleared away to make room for industrialization, Marian clears the ideals of romantic love from her existence. Though she learns to live practically, and to find happiness in her life without love, she never forgets the life she led before, and the love she knew. Through the encounter with Ed Elliot, where she states â€Å"if you ever meet Neil Herbert, give him my love, and tell him I often think of him,† and by her respect toward her husband, through the decoration of his grave, she reveals that she looks upon her life of love without regret (Cather 165). Through her personal growth, we find that Marians ideals of love must evolve over her life based on the circumstances with which she is faced, and we come to understand her as an individual with both the power to change her own circumstances and the ability to love deeply, whether or not she chooses to pursue that love.

General Electrics IT Implementation essays

General Electric's IT Implementation essays 1. How is GE using Internet technology in its internal and external business processes? InternetWeek,18.dec, 2000, Gary Reiner; "...There are three different areas the Internet has a large impact in GE: the buy side, make side and sell side. On the buy side, we're doing a ton of e-auctioning across the board. We're putting so much of what we do on the Web regarding interacting with our suppliers and regarding negotiations. And that is changing how we think about sourcing. (...)On the buy side, we separate the world into the negotiation process and the transaction process. There are three areas on the sell side, and we're trying to get more productivity out of all three. There's the actual taking of the order. There's providing through the Web all of the information surrounding the orderorder status, track and trace information, stock availability, the ability to configure complex orders. And then additional value-added customer services that were traditionally provided either through call centers or not provided at all are now provided on the Web through something we call Wizards. On the sell side, it's had a very big impact on GE Plastics. It's had a very big impact on some of the capital businesses, like fleet services. It's having a big impact on the parts side of our heavy equipment businesses. It's having a big impact at NBC, obviously, and CNBC.com and all the Internet investments that we've made there. (...) On the sell side, it's a combination of Web ordering, EDI and fax-to-EDI, depending on what our customers want to do. And on the make side, what we're really getting excited about is the shutting down of traditional processes. We're learning that the only way you really take advantage of all of the Web technology is by giving people only one choice in how you do it - the most productive and efficient way. The challenge is to coordinate e-business endeavors among GE's 20 far-flung units, including Appliances, Air...

How to Make Your Research Proposal Abstract Rock

How to Make Your Research Proposal Abstract Rock How to Make Your Research Proposal Abstract Rock A proposal abstract for your research proposal is designed to present an idea of what you will write your research project on. It gives a summary of the project when it has already been complete. You will need to remember that when you are creating a research proposal abstract, also known as a prospectus, you will have to present your research project to an academic committee or supervisor. Therefore, it will be vital that you are able to convince them that the project is worth researching. You have to make sure that it rocks, so that you can move on to actually writing the paper instead of spending half of your allotted time for the whole project just trying to get this approval. We have compiled some very important advice to ensure that you get your prospectus or research proposal abstract approved the first time around: Always Draw up a Few Drafts Your prospectus is very important. It will save you a bunch of time if you create a few drafts first to ensure that you crush this part of the process. Don’t settle for your first run at it. You will want to make sure to create a few different drafts and then choose the best one. Include a Rationale You will need to include the rationale for choosing your topic: justify your choice and show why your topic is important. You will want to express how important it is to your discipline. You will also need to make sure that you express the limitations to your study as well. Include a Review The literature review is vital to this part of the process. You want to make sure that you include information on the sources that you will include in your research project. When you are creating your review of the various articles and sources that you will use to conduct your research, it is vital that you point out the actual information. You will need to explain how that study is going to be used to prove your point. Don’t make the mistake of simply giving a summary of the article or study. Include an Outline You will need to also include an outline. This should comprise your methodology or approach. It should explain how you will conduct your study. This can enclose information regarding the resources that will be needed to conduct your study, the costs associated, if any, and a general timeline on how long the study will take. Start with the Why and Follow with the How Always start by telling why your study is worth conducting and then move on to how you will conduct it. This way you are properly setting your paper up. Mention Important Details Make sure that you give enough information in your prospectus to ensure that you are selling your idea. You will need to pick and choose the most important pieces because you want it to be very direct. That way you won’t bore your audience. They don’t want to read the paper during this process, but rather just get the overall idea. Use the First Person Be sure to always use the first person with active verbs. It shows confidence. You are the one that will be doing the work and putting in the time, so own it. This is your â€Å"baby†. The best way to start any research proposal abstract is to get an example. So, look through some samples and get the overall idea what you need to be ready for. Then, follow the steps we offer and write an excellent abstract for your research paper. Otherwise you can buy a custom research proposal online, at writing company.

Bonus Assignment #1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bonus Assignment #1 - Case Study Example Gwaltney, chairman of the board of Gwaltney Mortar Company and Richard J Holland, board chairperson and the C.E.O. In addition to those we have Rodger R. Kapella, C.E.O and president of Patrick Cudahy, Robert W. executive V.P, Wendel H, president and board chairman of Murphy Farms, Inc., P. Edward Schenk, president and C.E.O of Gwaltney of Smithfield, Ltd., and Aaron D. the V.P., Treasurer and Secretary of the company. Joseph W. Luter is the C.E.O and the chair of the board. I think the chair/ C.E.O of the company is exception because he has 81% of the stock capital. The directors of the company receive a lot of cash compensation for participating in the board meeting. The Smithfield Company has a nomination committee that is in charge of all the nomination processes. All the stockholders nominate the company’s directors. I think that the appointment procedure is independent because the nomination committee is credible. The audit committee is made of Messrs. Faison and Murphy. Independent public accountants assist the committee in financial matters. By meeting nine times is enough for them to achieve their financial and other obligations. Joel Greenberg joined the Smithfield board in the year 1987. Richard J, Holland is a Board chair and the C.E.O of the Farmers Bank. In the fiscal year 1992, the executive committee attended no meeting. The Smithfield C.E.O had 81% of the stock capital, which is incomparable with that of other directors. Besides the C.E.O., we have other directors with insignificant shares hence decision-making was by the C.E.O. Over a number of years the governance structure has changed a lot and for the better of all. If the development continues, the company is expected to improve in terms of

Existentialism and Humanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Existentialism and Humanism - Essay Example This is what will be discussed in the following. Existentialism is basically a type of philosophical movement which tends to embrace the view that focuses on that of individual existence and subjectivity, and although it generally refers to the belief that one shapes in regards to one's basic nature and the way that they choose to live throughout their life, at the same time it captures much more than that. In part being a reaction to such names as Hegel and Nietzsche, it is a belief which considers that you are the one who is able to determine yourself, and that your personality and your own self is not given to you at birth, but rather it is given after you make decisions and thoughts and gain your personality. Humanism, on the other hand, is considered as being "a rational philosophy based on belief in the dignity of human beings, informed by science and motivated by human hope and human compassion. Humanists revere the natural world, knowing of no other place to set good examples, to work, and to show love". (Dorrell, 2002). P eople who are humanists are considered as being those who encourage moral excellence, have faith in other people to choose good over evil, promote positive relationships and human dignity, and who believe that moral values are neither divinely revealed nor that the special property in regards to any type of religious tradition. Basically existentialism and humanism have for the most forever been considered as being two separate and in fact almost opposite issues in a way, however there is one person in particular, of which we will be discussing critically in this dissertation, who believes in fact that 'existentialism is humanism'. This person is Jean-Paul Sartre, and Sartre, (June 21, 1905 - April 15, 1980), was a French existentialist philosopher, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. He was one of the most noted and leading figures in all of 20th century French philosophy, and the opinions that he made over his life, especially that in regards to existentialism and humanism being one in the same, have been argued against or agreed with by some of the most influential people in the world's history since his day. When Sartre was a junior lecturer at the Lycee du Havre in the year 1938, it was then that he wrote the novel entitled La Nausee, which even to this day remains as being one of his most popular books of all, and it has been considered by many that this particular literary work of his was one which in ways served as a sort of manifesto of existentialism. He shows in this book how he believed that "our ideas are the product of experiences of real-life situations, and that novels and plays describing such fundamental experiences have as much value as do discursive essays for the elaboration oh philosophical theories". (Wikipedia, 2007). Beginning from there, Sartre began to become even stronger in regards to his view on how existentialism is humanism, and he began to use Edmund Husserl as a sort of backing man, in

Kant and Hegel on the Foundation of the State Essay Example for Free

Kant and Hegel on the Foundation of the State Essay Kant and Hegel could not be farther from one another on the question of the state and its moral foundation. It is uncertain even if they define the term â€Å"state† in the same way. Kant remains within the Enlightenment contract tradition, while Hegel leans more towards an intellectual rendering of the romantic and nationalist approach to states and their foundations. (NB–the citations below refer to paragraphs, not pages) Kant holds that there are two major reasons why the state must exist. First, while mankind is not violently predisposed one to another prior to the development of legislation, disputes will have no competent judge prior to the development of the state (44). Hence, even a gentle disposition will render the state necessary in that public right must have a means of enforcing its claims. Here, â€Å"public right† is defined as those sum of laws that bring human beings into rational and orderly contact with one another (43). But further, regardless of the actual condition of man in the state of nature, Kant holds that, at the very least, the only real motive for action is â€Å"that which seems right† to each person, and each group of persons. But these two entities, the individual and groups of persons, both demand the creation of a state: the individual for the sake of rational laws, and the group for the sake of mutual protection against aggression. Either way, the only maxim is â€Å"that which seems right† to the entity in question. The major difference between the state of nature (in which Kant seems to lean towards the Lockeian view) and the civil world is that the laws and agreements that may well develop prior to the state are given the sanction of public law. They are given the means of enforcement. Without enforcement, the same reason that Locke gives for leaving the state of nature holds: the each is the judge in his own case, rendering there no objective and impartial standard (or agency, more accurately) of justice. Kant offers a subtle typology of the nature of civil life, far different from what will develop in Hegel. First, the sum of laws, manifesting a rightful, pre-political relation among individuals under an objective agency is the public right, and living in this state is a civil mode of life. Kant seems to overlap the definitions of constitution and civil right substantially, but at least, the concept of the â€Å"civil† is not an institution, but a state of living and a state of mind where the civil agency is considered right and just, and thus has the right to enforce public right. The state is the sum of all of these: the civil society under a constitution that manifests the proper and rational relations among citizens. There is nothing in Kant that rejects the idea that these relations will develop in a pre-political state as in Locke. Hence, it is rational to hold that Kant is a Lockeian, the state simply existing to judge disputes over property. Even more, in paragraph 47, the legislature is to be the highest form and expression of the state in that the people are fully and completely represented. Here, Rousseau is to be found, since, in this paragraph, the â€Å"people† and the â€Å"legislature† are really one in the same. Rousseau would reject the idea of representation both in Locke and Kant, but the idea is the same: the legislature is the highest organ of the state, the very objectification of the constitution and the popular will. Hence, given the above definitions, the legislature is really the manifestation of the constitution and the civil condition, and a smoothly functioning legislature would be the objectification of the state. To some extent, the legislature being the â€Å"united will of the people† (47) is the real de-ontological basis of state authority. Regardless of the social contract, the legislature can be united with Kant’s more abstract ethics by holding that the legislature is the manifesting of duty: the condition of both universality and autonomy, the latter referring to the lack of any â€Å"special interest† connected to either moral judgements/maxims or civil legislation. If the legislature is the â€Å"united will of the people† then it fits nicely into a de-ontological box, since universality is the maxim of civil legislation in this case. Hegel takes a completely different approach. The Philosophy of Right is a far more satisfying approach to the state than either Kant or Locke, since the state is not merely a sum of laws representing the population, but a synthesis of all other forms of social life and historical development. For Hegel, the development of the state (and one can be suspicious as to whether or not Kant would even define the state this way), is not merely a historical process, but a psychological one as well: the stat is the highest manifestation of human nature manifest in history. It is easy to see how the development of the three general stages in morality, the family, the free market and the state itself, all develop from a specific schema of history. Familial relations were long dominant in social life, but the Enlightenment broke these down, leading to the minds of Locke and Kant, the state is a synthesis of these two, and the completion of the development of human nature as a moral entity. While the history is simple and a little arbitrary, it follows a common Hegelian pattern of unreflective community (the family), individualism ( the market, or â€Å"civil society†), and the concrete, reflective community in the state. There is a far more complex history of European development that Hegel deals with, though it is not found in the POR, but in other writings. The family is the principle of unreflective unity (158). This is in that the family is not based on rational principles (though it does play a rational role), but is united only in love and the willingness to sacrifice. Only when the children grow and the family breaks down does reflection enter into the human person as they function in civil society, the free market where the main motivation is no longer love, but gain and â€Å"expressing oneself. † This is an abstract individualism that can not last. Dialectically, the individual in civil society realizes that a society cannot be based on the individual since social life and economic production are based on a communal approach to living: society can only function as a unit, not a collection of individuals arbitrarily doing their thing. Hence, the corporation develops (250-251), which is a largely economic entity similar to a guild, that manifests the community latent in civil society,. It is the corporations that eventually reveal the seeds of the state, or the unity of corporate bodies, and though here, the development of civil law and right. Hegel does not accept the idea of a contract. The mythology of the state of nature is something that may be found in psychology, but not in history. In the beginning of the POR, the will is seen as â€Å"purely abstract,† that is, completely free, having no restraints, but also having no purpose or end (15). The development of ends for ht will is the real foundation of the POR and Hegel’s mature social theory. The will demands content, that is, guidance and direction. History has given humanity this in the three states of family, market and state. These mentalities have all developed throughout history, but only in the first half of the 19th century have humanity been able to see how they all rationally fit together in an all inclusive unity. Previous societies merely held a one sided approach to things, where one entity was given dominance over everything else. The will seeks content, moral purpose, but it also seeks unity and balance in a rational schema of relations. None of the entities of family or civil society are swallowed in the Hegelian state, they remain, but they remain secondary elements in the broader state, having their latent potential manifest in the state itself (260). This is in that the love of the family is given its reflective basis in the state as an ethic unity, manifesting its own history and struggles, but it also completes the abstract individualism of the market, in that the unity is a reflective one, based on reason and the development of this social reason in the market itself, where communitarian ideas develop in the actual behavior of economic production and consumption which is a communal idea. This paper is far too short to do justice to these giants, but the basic outline is clear: Kant remains in the Enlightenment tradition, being a good generation before Hegel. Kant pictures a simple state of nature which requires a rational legislature, representing the concept of universality, to judge disputes. On the other hand, Hegel approaches the state as an organic unity, not a creation of contract. Ultimately, the two are irreconcilable, and the Romantic era had its rarified champion in Hegel. References: Kant, Immanuel. The Metaphysics of Morals. Trans Mary Gregor. Cambridge University Press, 1996 Hegel, GWF. The Philosophy of Right. Trans TM Knox. Oxford University Pres

The History of Hitler and the Nazi Regime Essays -- German History Ado

The History of Hitler and the Nazi Regime In the Second World War, a man named Adolph Hitler, the leader of the infamous Nazi regime, had a plethora of things on his mind. From guarding the stricken land of Poland against Soviet advancement, to making sure the western shores of the Atlantic Ocean in France were closely guarded, Hitler had much to worry about. Unfortunately, it was during Hitler’s reign when a most horrible atrocity took place. Adolph Hitler was born on April 20th, 1889 in a small hamlet named Braunau Am Inn, just across the border from German Bavaria. Hitler’s childhood was often riddled with abuse and physical beatings. His family lived in a small farmhouse with 10 other people. Because of this, Adolph’s older brother, Alois, ran away from home. As a child, Hitler was fascinated with art. He begged his father to let him attend a classical secondary school, but his father would have nothing to do with it. He insisted that his son follow in his footsteps as a civil servant. As a result, Hitler, in his first year of civil school, failed miserably, claiming he did so on purpose to spite his father. Around the age of 13, Hitler, as a result of living on the German-Austrian border, became interested in German nationalism. A few years later, after his father’s death, 18-year-old Adolph decided it was time to try his luck in art, and moved to Vienna. After failing miserably in art, he became interested in politics. At the time, the mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger, was an anti-Semite and Jew hater. Even though Hitler still had a few Jewish friends, the messages from Lueger began to sink in (Gilber 24).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler left Austria at the age of 24 years old, partly to leave the Austrian empire which he had started to hate, and, in part, to avoid required military service. At this time, it was 1914, and World War I had broken out. Hitler found a sense of pride and belonging in the German army during The War. He was not a great soldier, but was stoic, and was awarded with the Iron cross at the end of the war. After the war, Hitler became increasingly anti-Semitic, which won the attention of his superiors (Gilber 37). At the end of 1919, the German army had Hitler, now age 30, look into an organization called the German Worker’s Party. Soon after, Hitler joined and became head of propaganda. The party fiercely attacked Communism, and was heavily anti... ... the Nazis tried to carry out Hitler's Final Solution. As the Allies approached Auschwitz, the guards forced the 25,000 Jews to evacuate the compound and walk over 100 miles in the snow, barefooted. Most of these prisoners ended up in the Buchenwald camp, in Germany, much farther west of the advancing Soviet army. Eventually these prisoners were liberated, but many died on the long trek. On May 1st, 1945, World War II was over, with Germany signing an unconditional surrender. The day before though, Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun, committed suicide by consuming cyanide capsules (Keegan 198).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, The Nazi regime's solution to the problem of what to do with the Jews was to try and kill every last one of them. At first, Hitler took it slow, but as the war progressed, the insanity grew, and so did Hitler’s plot. He was out of control. What it comes down to is that Hitler walked the fine line between genius and insanity. His speeches were brilliant, but the results were weak and poor. His idea about the Holocaust was skewed. Was this a man without any morals? This is a question that will continue to plague mankind for history. What really was wrong with Adolph Hitler†¦?

Angela’s Ashes Essay

â€Å"When I look back on my childhood I wonder how I survived at all. It was, of course, a miserable childhood: the happy childhood is hardly worth your while. Worse than the ordinary miserable childhood is the miserable Irish childhood and worse yet is the miserable Irish Catholic childhood. † (McCourt, 1996). Angela’s Ashes was a memoir based on the life of Frank McCourt, which ranged in various anecdotes and stories of Frank’s childhood and pursuit to his dreams to live in America. Frank faced various struggles especially his drunken father, who spent his paycheck, if he even had a job to a pint of beer to show his friend’s the money he has earned. With this it causes Frank’s family to go through struggles as to broken shoes, harsh conditioned homes, poor sanitation, plumbing, heat, and hope that they’ll survive through the great depression in Limerick, Ireland. Frankie was a boy who seemed to have high potential to be a great independent man. He always had a mind of his own, his own opinions, great responsibility, and determination. During his childhood he saw his Mother’s suffering, with the fact that she had to rely on the Father of her children to help them survive the great depression but with only giving them false hope, which resulted into his father, Malachy leaving the family. As Frank reached the age of teenage maturity Frankie, went out of his way to get a job and help out the family. With the qualities that Frank McCourt posses and learns throughout the memoir he improves himself and ventures back to America to achieve greatness. During the final days of Frank McCourt after the suffering of the passing of his first love, who died from Typhoid, the great Frank McCourt at a young age had finally saved up his paychecks from his hard-work to venture of into America. While eating a celebratory dinner with his family, a lunar eclipse had seemed to appear at that night. So they quickly race outside to witness this outstanding, once in a lifetime scene of magnificent scenery, which his uncle had said it symbolizes good luck towards his ventures into America. After witnessing the lunar eclipse and his neighbors wishing him arewell to leaving Ireland. As the neighborhood emptied he saw a little boy, who was very unfamiliar to him, as he got closer he recognized it was him as a little boy. From there he sees how he has got to where he is today. As people grow older, facing various obstacles and challenges, people learn and grow from who they were as little as one day. In Buddhism we see the law of Impermanence come into play with everyone’s life, with this we tend to look back and see how much we have grown, how we have survived our lives whether it be physical, mental, or spiritual obstacles that we have faced in our lives. As teenagers we see have a mentality of wanting the independence and earning bigger responsibilities to prove ourselves to our parents, others, or even ourselves that we can achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Though, with this in mind we tend to still make many mistakes that we try to grow out from and strive for better. Though it is ironic the fact that when our mistakes show it is what others see and highlight among us and not the effort we have tried to become a better person. But this is what growing up is all about. As we grow older we see ourselves â€Å"fall in love† with that significant other, which you will never let go and even though they might not be present in our lives we still care about them. Regardless of how much you have changed or the other person has changed you know that deep down when you with them everything is still the same as it was. Not only do we just fall in love but also the love we show our friends. My memoir talks mostly about significant friendships and what I have learned from each and every one of them. We see that as grow a special bond with these friends you exchange mistakes or even experience mistakes together which you can conquer as a team and grow from them. Regardless of fights, obstacles that are put in front of the laps of many friendships, if it’s worth it you don’t give up. In my friendships, especially with Steven, even though he was mad due to the unaccepted friendship with Chris and the betrayal that he felt from it, I have never tried to not fix it, and to have communication with him to solve it. Though he chose to put his guard with his pride he refused to say nothing was wrong and that he didn’t care. As time passed, and took many messages to pass through a friend to show that I was willing to give up on my other friendship, which I truly miss; we have finally overcome that obstacle and have grown closer than ever before. After the feeling of every obstacle has been tackled, every fight has been fought, and you have claimed victorious over any problem that occurs you get the feeling that everything is smooth sailing from then. We look up and think positive that everything will be okay, but until we end our course through life there’s always a new challenge interrupting our trajectory. At this point in time I am satisfied to what I have achieved and where I have ended up, I see myself still constantly looking back at my old self, seeing what I could improve on, changed to reach higher satisfactory, and better myself from I have learned from the past. Even though I have felt that I have reached my goal, as Frankie has reached America to better his life. The act on looking back at yourself, depicts the scene of how Frankie saw himself as a child and how much obstacles he has gone through and achieved to pursue his dream to America, just like the goals we achieve we look back and see what we have gone through. With Impermanence constantly occurring in our lives we are introduced with new challenges and new chapters to open in our lives. Looking back at ourselves does help us learn, but we must apply these new found lessons and look forward to our future to not repeat our mistakes and misguided actions.

Low-Cost School Programme

It is well known that juvenile delinquency has been shown to inequitable affect youths from various segments of the population based on their socioeconomic status. Brensilber, Bergin, Krasco and Phillips (2000) explain the correlation between low socioeconomic status and juvenile delinquency by pointing out that the communities from which these youths come are faced with severe economic and social difficulties which further put them at risk for other dangers. Similarly there also seem to be factors in the school and home that further increase the risks of delinquency among these students. Considering that juveniles in low-income areas have limited access to resources, a low-cost school program is an effective strategy to deal with juvenile delinquency. The purpose of such a program would be first and foremost to impact the youth’s educational environment in which they may spend a significant proportion of their time daily. Such programs would also have a greater reach in terms of numbers of youths that would be affected. Feature Article  Country School  Allen Curnow Such a program also aims to tackle early and persistent antisocial behavior (Forster & Rehner, 2003, p. 109) before they become too problematic to counter at the school level and before these youths end up at the wrong end of the juvenile justice system. Such a program would also seek to reduce the impact that youths with troubling behavior have in their community by empowering youths to make safe choices and instilling in them the moral austerity to follow good role modes. The program would also seek to promote social justice and equality within the community. This involves teaching youths about their social responsibility and the consequences of their behavior choices. It would also help them to aspire for upward mobility despite the prospects that their community environment would present. References Forster, M. & Rehner, T. (2003). Delinquency prevention as empowerment practice: A community-based social work approach. Race, Gender & Class, 10(2), 109-120. Brensilber, D., Bergin, P., Krasco, K., & Phillips, S. (2000, June). Title V Delinquency Prevention: Program Years 1997-1999. Massachussetts: Massachusetts Statistical Analysis Center.

Aristo Book 5 Experiment Answer Essay Essays

Aristo Book 5 Experiment Answer Essay Essays Aristo Book 5 Experiment Answer Essay Essay Aristo Book 5 Experiment Answer Essay Essay HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View ( Chemistry ) Experiment Workbook 5 Suggested replies Chapter 52 Importance of industrial procedures Chapter 53 Rate equation Experiment 53. 1 Determining the rate equation of a reaction utilizing method of initial rate ( A microscale experiment ) 1 Chapter 54 Activation energy Experiment 54. 1 Determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction 3 Chapter 55 Catalysis and industrial procedures Experiment 55. 1 Investigating the action of a accelerator 6 Experiment 55. 2 Investigating homogenous contact action 8 Experiment 55. 3Investigating ways to alter the rate of a reaction with a suited accelerator 9 Experiment 55. 3 Sample laboratory study 13 Experiment 55. 4Preparing ethyl alcohol by agitation 16 Chapter 56 Industrial procedures Chapter 57 Green chemical science for industrial procedures Chapter 53Rate equation Experiment 53. 1Determining the rate equation of a reaction utilizing method of initial rate ( A microscale experiment ) 7. and 11. ( a ) Well figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of beads of 0. 5 M Na2S2O3 ( aq ) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Time. T ( s ) 14. 2 15. 8 17. 8 20. 4 23. 8 28. 6 35. 7 47. 6 ( s?1 ) 0. 070 0. 063 0. 056 0. 049 0. 042 0. 035 0. 028 0. 021 10. and 12. ( a ) Well figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of beads of 1. 0 M H2SO4 ( aq ) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Time. T ( s ) 59. 4 59. 7 60. 0 60. 7 59. 9 60. 0 61. 0 60. 5 ( s?1 ) 0. 017 0. 017 0. 017 0. 016 0. 017 0. 017 0. 016 0. 017 11. ( a ) reciprocally ( B ) ( degree Celsius ) 1 12. ( B ) 0 ( degree Celsius ) From the consequences in Table 53. 2. the readings of clip are near. bespeaking that the reaction is of zeroth order with regard to H+ ( aq ) . 13. Rate = k [ S2O32? ( aq ) ] 14. S2O32? ( aq ) + 2H+ ( aq ) ? S ( s ) + SO2 ( g ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) 15. In this experiment. the clip for the formation of a fixed. but little sum of indissoluble sulfur precipitate is measured. The shorter the clip. the faster is the reaction. It is assumed that the extent of reaction is still little when the clip is recorded. so that the clip recorded can be used as a measuring of initial rate of the reaction. Chapter 54Activation Energy Experiment 54. 1Determining the activation energy of a chemical reaction 5. Temperature of the reaction mixture (  °C ) 15 25 35 45 55 Time for the visual aspect of dark bluish coloring material ( s ) 679 ( at 11 °C ) 232 ( at 27 °C ) 112 ( at 37 °C ) 80 ( at 43 °C ) 33 ( at 56 °C ) 6. ( a ) rate changeless ; activation energy ; Universal gas invariable ; temperature ; ( B ) log ( ) ?2. 83 ?2. 37 ?2. 05 ?1. 90 ?1. 52 3. 52 3. 33 3. 23 3. 16 3. 04 ( degree Celsius ) ( vitamin D ) ?2750 ( vitamin E ) incline = ?2750 = Ea = 2750 ? 2. 3 ? 8. 314 J mol?1 = 52 586 J mol?1 = 52. 6 kJ mol?1 7. Arrhenius equation ; log k = log A 8. consecutive line ; 9. S2O82? ( aq ) + 2I? ( aq ) ? 2SO42? ( aq ) + I2 ( aq ) 10. To supervise the formation of I from the reaction of S2O82? ( aq ) ions and I? ( aq ) ions. 11. When all S2O82? ( aq ) ions have reacted. any I formed will turn the starch solution dark blue. The clip for this coloring material alteration is a step of the rate of reaction shown in inquiry 9. ( Note: The reaction rate is reciprocally relative to the clip taken for the amylum solution to turn dark blue. ) 12. The sum of reactants used in each experiment may non be precisely the same. There may be an mistake in mensurating or reading the temperatures from the thermometers. As the coloring material alteration of the solution mixture is non a sudden 1. particularly at low temperatures. there may be an mistake in entering the clip of color alteration. Chapter 55Catalysis and industrial procedures Experiment 55. 1Investigating the action of accelerator 1. ( B ) No. 5. ( B ) Time ( s ) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Volume of O2 ( g ) released ( cm3 ) . with the add-on of 0. 5 g MnO2 ( s ) 30 60 85 95 96 96 Time ( s ) 70 80 90 100 110 120 Volume of O2 ( g ) released ( cm3 ) . with the add-on of 0. 5 g MnO2 ( s ) 96 6. ( B ) Time ( s ) 10 20 30 40 50 60 Volume of O2 ( g ) released ( cm3 ) . with the add-on of 1. 5 g MnO2 ( s ) 70 90 95 96 96 Time ( s ) 70 80 90 100 110 120 Volume of O2 ( g ) released ( cm3 ) . with the add-on of 1. 5 g MnO2 ( s ) 8. 9. Manganese ( IV ) oxide MnO2 ( s ) 10. 2H2O2 ( aq ) ? 2H2O ( cubic decimeter ) + O2 ( g ) 11. ( a ) The add-on of manganese ( IV ) oxide greatly increases the rate of decomposition of H peroxide. ( B ) ( I ) The initial rate of reaction is higher. ( two ) The entire clip of reaction is shorter. ( Note: increasing the sum of accelerator would increase the reaction rate. ) ( degree Celsius ) No. 12. Add more H2O2 ( aq ) to the reaction mixture. rapid effervescence shows that manganese ( IV ) oxide has non been used up in the reaction. The catalytic belongings of manganese ( IV ) oxide is still present. Experiment 55. 2Investigating homogenous contact action 5. Mixture ‘y’ . It has a characteristic Sweet odor like certain gums or nail Polish removers. 6. ethyl acetate ; concentrated sulfuric acid 7. CH3COOH ( cubic decimeter ) + CH3CH2OH ( cubic decimeter ) ? CH3COOCH2CH3 ( cubic decimeter ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) 8. Homogeneous accelerator. This is because all species are in the same stage in the reaction. i. e. the liquid stage. 9. Sodium carbonate solution reacts with any unreacted ethanoic acid left in the reaction mixture. The strong acetum odor of ethanoic acid is therefore removed. The salt Na acetate formed has no odor. Besides. the ester is indissoluble in H2O and floats on the H2O surface. This makes us easier to observe the odor of ester. Experiment 55. 3Investigating ways to alter the rate of a reaction with a suited accelerator 1. Apparatus: Safety eyeglassess Protective baseball mitts Conic flask ( 100 cm3 ) 5 mensurating cylinders ( 10 cm3 ) Dropper Stopwatch Boiling tubing White tile Chemicals: Ammonium peroxodisulphate solution ( 0. 020 M ) Potassium iodide solution ( 0. 50 M ) Sodium thiosulphate solution ( 0. 010 M ) 0. 2 % amylum solution Iron ( II ) chloride solution ( ~0. 010 M ) Distilled H2O 2. What you will maintain invariable ( Controlled variable ) What you will alter ( Independent variable ) What you will mensurate ( Dependent variable ) volume of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution volume of K iodide solution volume of Na thiosulphate solution sum of 0. 2 % amylum solution with or without utilizing Fe ( II ) solution the clip for the visual aspect of the dark bluish coloring material 3. Figure 1 4. ( 1 ) Using a measurement cylinder. add 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution to a conelike flask. ( 2 ) Using different mensurating cylinders. add 5 cm3 of K iodide solution. 5 cm3 of Na thiosulphate solution. 1 cm3 of Fe ( II ) chloride solution and 2. 5 cm3 of starch solution to a boiling tubing. ( 3 ) Pour the contents in the boiling tubing into the conelike flask. ( 4 ) Immediately get down the stop watch. ( 5 ) When a dark bluish coloring material of the starch-iodine complex appears in the solution. halt the stop watch. ( 6 ) Record the clip for the visual aspect of the dark bluish coloring material in Table 1. ( 7 ) Repeat stairss ( 1 ) to ( 6 ) . but replace Fe ( II ) chloride solution with 1 cm3 of distilled H2O. 5. Risk appraisal signifier 6. Time for the visual aspect of the dark bluish coloring material With Fe2+ ( aq ) ions ( as a accelerator ) added 59 s Without any accelerator added 3 mins and 52 s Table 1 7. The reaction involves the hit of two negatively charged ions. S2O82? ( aq ) ions and I? ( aq ) ions. which really repel each other. 8. S2O82? ( aq ) + 2Fe2+ ( aq ) ? 2SO42? ( aq ) + 2Fe3+ ( aq ) 2Fe3+ ( aq ) + 2I? ( aq ) ? 2Fe2+ ( aq ) + I2 ( aq ) 9. Mentioning to the two equations in inquiry 8. the S2O82? ( aq ) ions oxidize the Fe2+ ( aq ) ions to Fe3+ ( aq ) ions. At the same clip. the S2O82? ( aq ) ions are reduced to SO42? ( aq ) ions. The Fe3+ ( aq ) ions are strong oxidising agents that oxidize I? ( aq ) ions to I2 ( aq ) . At the same clip. Fe3+ ( aq ) ions are reduced back to Fe2+ ( aq ) ions ( i. e. the accelerator is regenerated ) . Both the equations shown in inquiry 8 involve the hit between positive and negative ions. This will be much more likely to be successful than the hit between two negative ions in the uncatalysed reaction. Therefore. the activation energy of this tract will be lower and the reaction rate will besides be higher. 10. The chemical reaction can be speeded up by the add-on of Fe ( II ) ions. which act as a homogenous accelerator of this reaction. 11. It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A little sum of accelerator is normally plenty for the catalytic action. 12. Homogeneous accelerator is one which has the same stage as the reactants and merchandises. Sample laboratory study Title: Investigating ways to alter the rate of a reaction with a suited accelerator Aim To plan and transport out an experiment to look into ways to alter the rate of a reaction – by the usage of a suited accelerator. Apparatus and stuffs Safety eyeglassess Protective baseball mitts Conic flask ( 100 cm3 ) 5 mensurating cylinders ( 10 cm3 ) Dropper Stopwatch Boiling tubing White tile Ammonium peroxodisulphate solution ( 0. 020 M ) Potassium iodide solution ( 0. 50 M ) Sodium thiosulphate solution ( 0. 010 M ) 0. 2 % amylum solution Iron ( II ) chloride solution ( ~0. 010 M ) Distilled H2O Chemical reactions involved S2O82? ( aq ) + 2Fe2+ ( aq ) ? 2SO42? ( aq ) + 2Fe3+ ( aq ) 2Fe3+ ( aq ) + 2I? ( aq ) ? 2Fe2+ ( aq ) + I2 ( aq ) Procedure 1. Using a measurement cylinder. 10 cm3 of ammonium peroxodisulphate solution was added to a conelike flask. 2. Using different mensurating cylinders. 5 cm3 of K iodide solution. 5 cm3 of Na thiosulphate solution. 1 cm3 of Fe ( II ) chloride solution and 2. 5 cm3 of starch solution were added to a boiling tubing. 3. The contents in the boiling tubing were poured into the conelike flask. 4. The stop watch was started instantly. 5. When a dark bluish coloring material of the starch-iodine composite appeared in the solution. the stop watch was stopped. 6. The clip for the visual aspect of the dark bluish coloring material was recorded in Table 1. 7. Stairss ( 1 ) to ( 6 ) were repeated. but Fe ( II ) chloride solution was replaced with 1 cm3 of distilled H2O. Consequences Time for the visual aspect of the dark bluish coloring material With Fe2+ ( aq ) ions ( as a accelerator ) added 59 s Without any accelerator added 3 mins and 52 s Table 1 After blending all the chemicals in the conelike flask. the reaction mixture with Fe2+ ( aq ) ions will take a shorter clip for the dark bluish coloring material to look. Analysis 1. In the absence of Fe2+ ( aq ) ions. the reaction between S2O82? ( aq ) ions and I ­Ã‚ ­? ( aq ) ions is slow. As both reactant ions are negatively charged. they tend to drive each other. However. when Fe2+ ( aq ) ions are added. the reaction becomes faster. Fe2+ ( aq ) ions have the same stage ( i. e. aqueous stage ) as the reactants and merchandises. so they are homogenous accelerator of this reaction. 2. Fe2+ ( aq ) ions is a cut downing agent which can cut down S2O82? ( aq ) ions to SO42? ( aq ) ions. The Fe3+ ( aq ) ions formed act as an oxidizing agent. which oxidize I ­Ã‚ ­? ( aq ) ions to I2 ( aq ) ions and renew Fe2+ ( aq ) ions once more. Bing a accelerator. Fe2+ ( aq ) ions are non consumed in the catalytic procedure. Discussion 1. Either Fe2+ ( aq ) ions are Fe3+ ( aq ) ions is a good pick of accelerator for this reaction because the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ facilitates the reaction between S2O82? ( aq ) ions and I ­Ã‚ ­? ( aq ) ions to happen. 2. The catalytic belongings of Fe2+ ( aq ) ions may be due to the fact that it is easier for the negatively charged S2O82? ( aq ) ions to near the positively charged Fe2+ ( aq ) ions. The same is true when the positively charged Fe3+ ( aq ) ions formed can near the negatively charged I ­Ã‚ ­? ( aq ) ions easier. 3. The experiment is merely a simple trial tubing experiment but the consequence ( color alteration ) is rather obvious and easy to observe. Decision The chemical reaction can be speeded up by the add-on of Fe2+ ( aq ) ions. which act as a homogenous accelerator of this reaction. Answers to inquiries for farther idea 11. It can be regenerated after the reaction. OR It is specific in action. OR A little sum of accelerator is normally plenty for the catalytic action. 12. Homogeneous accelerator is one which has the same stage as the reactants and merchandises. Experiment 55. 4Preparing ethyl alcohol by agitation 3. ( B ) Glucose solution with barm Glucose solution without barm Appearance of the glucose solution a pale brown suspension a clear solution Observations in the limewater clear and colourless clear and colourless 6. ( vitamin D ) Acidified K bichromate solution alterations colour from orange to green. ( degree Fahrenheit ) No coloring material alteration for the acidified K bichromate solution. 7. Glucose solution with barm Glucose solution without barm Appearance of the glucose solution cloudy ; a pale brown suspension clear. no seeable alteration Observations in the limewater milky remains clear and colourless Smell of the glucose solution a odor of intoxicant no characteristic odor 8. accelerator 9. ethyl alcohol ; C dioxide 10. The solution turns milky. It indicates that C dioxide is produced during agitation. 11. In the presence of barm. glucose is converted to ethanol. The presence of ethyl alcohol is indicated by the color alteration of the reaction with acidified K bichromate solution. Ethanol is a cut downing agent. It reduces dichromate ions to chromium ( III ) ions.

Make Hot Ice - Heating Pad Chemistry

Make Hot Ice - Heating Pad Chemistry Heres an easy chemistry project you can do in which you take a clear liquid and instantaneously solidify it into hot ice. It isnt water ice, however. This is how you make crystals of sodium acetate, which is used in hand warmers and chemical heating pads and hot packs. Hot Ice Materials sodium acetatewatersaucepanglass or pan Making Your Own Sodium Acetate Monohydrate If you dont have any sodium acetate monohydrate you can make your own. Add baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to vinegar (weak acetic acid) until the mixture stops fizzing. This will give you an aqueous solution of sodium acetate. If you boil off the water, youll be left with the sodium acetate. Expect to use a lot of baking soda and vinegar if you go this route. Make the Hot Ice What you are going to do is make a supersaturated sodium acetate solution. The solution will remain a supercooled liquid until a little solid sodium acetate is introduced. This will cause rapid crystallization that will resemble a block of ice, except it will be hot to the touch and not edible. Dump some sodium acetate monohydrate into a saucepan.Add just enough water to dissolve the sodium acetate.Heat the solution to just below its boiling point.Stir in more sodium acetate. Keep stirring and adding sodium acetate until you start to see solid material accumulating at the bottom of the pan.Pour the hot solution into a glass or other container. Do not allow any of the undissolved solid to enter the container.Cool the solution in the refrigerator 30 minutes to an hour.Remove the solution from the refrigerator. As long as you didnt leave any solid sodium acetate in the solution, it should still be liquid.When you are ready to make ice introduce a little of the solid sodium acetate. You could dip a toothpick or the edge of a spoon in sodium acetate powder.The crystallization will evolve heat (exothermic reaction), making the solid feel hot to the touch (~130Â ° F). Hot Ice Trick You dont have to solidify the sodium acetate in a dish. You can crystallize it as the solution is being poured to make fantastic shapes.

Literature and Film Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature and Film - Coursework Example Sile finds a wife and Stride faces his opponents and overthrowss them. However, both the stories do not end in the hero's glorifications. While Sile gets a wife, his other conflict is a notorious boy in debt of him and while Stride gets pass the cowboys, he still needs to avenge himself from those wanting him dead. This is concluded by someone else's dignity or courage being sacrificed to actually uphold the hero's glory. Sile's wife decides to finish off once and for all someone in debt of him through beating him up, thus gaining the fear of being in debt to Sile by the entire Zongo steet. Stride on the one-hand, held bait the Greer's by letting them go into town as his messenger, only to find Mr. Greer dead, but his enemies in hot pursuit of him, falling into his bait of luring them into the desert. In the end of both stories, one is left thinking if both heroes actually deserve to be called the heroes. Because, inasmuch as they altogether attained self actualization and peace of m ind in the end, the underdogs and the people they have outwitted actually did the dirty job for them. The difference between Mallam Sile and Seven Men From Now is their portrayal of a strong hero. In Mallam Sile, the hero is ironically puny and small, almost helpless, but gets his way at the end. In Seven Men From Now, he is a brave cowboy, dashing, fearless and wise but also is brave enough to face a cowboy "duel". The conclusions also vary by Sile getting his peace and restoration, while Stride, chasing after his sheriff position, in which the audience is left hanging if Stride actually makes it or not. Sile's love interest also becomes his wife while Stride's was left hanging in the end. Was there retribution at the end Definitely, and that is the biggest similarity of both the film and the story. It is a matter of the good guys finishing on top while the bad guys die, perish, or made to pay debts. Where is That Voice Coming From and Bullitt The overpowering similarity in the film and in the story, is again in the character. Although the dilemmas, the means of killing and the moral compasses of the stories were also similar, one justification boils down to the characters' essential trait: Indifference. Both characters are indifferent to the fact that what they are doing is actually getting a human life. They have been indifferent, to a certain point, so as they do their job well, achieve their goal and actually affirm themselves, whatever the means they do it so, and without consideration of the people involve. Of course, both means were by shooting. The essential difference of the two, is that Bullitt actually contemplates his guilt at the end, but, does he repent We do not really know for sure. On the one-hand, the protagonist of Where is That Voice Coming From actually owns up to his killing and is actually happy about doing so. Their drives and motives for killing are also very different. In Where is that Voice Comi ng From, the actual motive could be deeply rooted through hatred and envy, it could even be a racial slur. But in Bullit, the motive to kill was actually to do his job, and to bring about justice to the other people criminals have killed in turn. Second-guessing oneself is an essential theme in both the stories as well. In Bullitt, it literally is second guessing-that is having the wrong person accused of